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Residency Training Program

The Residency Program in PM&R at the UCI College of Medicine is an integrated three-year program utilizing the facilities of three affiliated hospitals: UCI Medical Center (UCIMC), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach (VAMCLB), and Long Beach Memorial Medical Center.

The goal of the UCI PM&R program is to develop highly knowledgeable, clinically competent physiatrists capable of functioning independently in almost any setting following graduation without additional formal training with the one exception of inpatient pediatric rehabilitation where additional special training is required by pediatricians controlling privileges.


PGY-2 Year

The first 12 months of PM&R training are devoted to working on an inpatient rehabilitation unit - 5 months at UCI Medical Center, 5 months on the VA PM&RS unit and 2 months on the VA SCI rehab unit. Due to the nature of these hospitals, experience on each unit is quite different.

UCIMC is a designated tertiary trauma center which has a burn unit in addition to its trauma unit. The rehab unit admits approximately 340 patients per annum with the major diagnoses being spinal cord injury and stroke. The PG2s on the ward serve as the primary physicians writing all orders, including therapy orders, under the supervision of a PG4 resident and the staff physiatrist on service. Each PG2 will admit 12-14 patients per month or 65-70 patients during the 5-month rotation. In addition to making regular rounds, the PG2's run the team and family conferences under the supervision of the staff physiatrist, attend post-discharge clinics, and a number of off-service conferences.

The rehab unit run by the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service at VAMC-Long Beach has 12 beds for acute cases. Each PG2 manages an average of 6 acute cases and admits 8+ patients per month or 32 during the rotation. As the VA/PM&RS is not subject to the same rules as civilian rehab units, patients with diagnostic problems such as progressive neuromuscular weakness or pain can be admitted to the unit for workup by the PG2 resident. The unit is supervised by a full-time staff physiatrist who is directly responsible for the supervision of the PG2s on the ward. The staff physiatrist assures that these residents do proper physiatric examinations, and learn such procedures as muscle testing, goniometry, arthrocentesis, caudal epidurals, etc., and writing specific physiatric orders. The staff physiatrist makes regular ward rounds, supervises team and family conferences, and attends post-discharge clinic.

The VAMC is unique in that it has beds set aside for the care of acute and chronic spinal cord injury patients. The service at Long Beach has 130 beds of which 30 are for acute and rehab patients plus chronic respirator patients. The average daily census on the acute rehab unit is 18.7, of which 4 are chronic respirator patients. The unit is run by a board-certified physiatrist. One UCI PM&R PG2 resident is on the unit at all times. The staff physiatrist makes daily ward rounds with the resident, supervises the resident during team and family conferences, and gives weekly teaching sessions on the common problems of SCI patients. A resident will admit 10-20 cases during the rotation.

In summary, PG2 residents manage of total of 100+ inpatients in the course of the 12 months they spend on the rehab units at UCI Medical Center and VA Medical Center Long Beach including workups, invasive diagnostic procedures and treatment, and management of team and family conferences.

In addition to the teaching received at bedside, PG2 residents present at grand rounds and participate in journal club with the other PM&R residents at the hospitals to which they are assigned. Special courses are taught for PG2 residents alone: anatomy, physiatric modalities, introduction to electrodiagnosis and prosthetics/orthotics. The PG2s also attend post-hospital care clinics at UCIMC and when they are on the Rehab Unit at the VA.

First Year (PG2)

12 months
UCIMC PM&R Ward                 146 days
VAMCLB PM&R Unit                146 days
VAMCLB SCI Ward                   73 days

PGY-3 Year

The PG3 year is devoted to learning how to write consultations, treat outpatients, special clinics, and electrodiagnostic training. The entire time is spent at VAMC. The PM&R consultation clinic does all inpatient and outpatient consultations and writes all the therapy orders on patients referred for medical rehabilitative therapy. Each PG3 spends at least 4 half-days per week in the PM&RS Consultation Clinic. One staff physiatrist is assigned to super-vise the residents in clinic, reviewing all cases. Initially, this review consists of the staff physiatrist examining the patient and reviewing the written consultation and orders. As the year progresses, depending upon the house officer's performance, the degree of supervision decreases to reading the consultation and follow-up notes without actually seeing the patients. On average a resident will manage 500-550 unique patients in this clinic in one year; 3/4 of the patients are outpatients.

In addition to the consultation clinic, a PG3 resident will rotate through 2 months of several specialty clinics. The rotations are as follows: Orthotic Clinic, Wheelchair Clinic, PACT Clinic, Orthopedic Hand Clinic/Amputee Clinic, and Cardiac Rehab. In each case a staff physiatrist is assigned to supervise the resident.

The cardiac rehabilitation rotation is two months. The assigned resident does all cardiac rehab consultations and writes the orders for physical therapy and occupational therapy. The resident is supervised by a staff physiatrist interested in cardiac rehabilitation.

The PACT/Amputee Clinic rotation consists of attendance once a week at the post-amputation clinic run by the Preservation, Amputation Care and Treatment Team (PACT), where the resident provides the physiatric management of the postamputation patient under the supervision of a staff physiatrist. The resident also attends the Amputee Clinic which is the multidisciplinary prosthetic clinic ordering new prostheses for new amputees and replacement prostheses for old amputees. This rotation, like the others, is two months.

The balance of the PG3's experience is devoted to the training in electrodiagnosis. The resident spends half-time in the PM&RS Electrodiagnostic Clinic for the entire year. The training program is designed to meet the requirements of the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine. All faculty training residents in electrodiagnosis are board-certified physiatrists who are also members of AAEM. The didactic course deals with the physiology of the entire nervous system and muscle, pathology of peripheral nerve, muscle and spinal cord; electrophysiology of nerve/muscle; applied electronics, instrumentation techniques and interpretations of nerve conduction studies, needle electromyography, neuromuscular junction testing, somatosensory evoked potentials; ethics; infection control; and use of statistics. All procedures are supervised by faculty. The electrodiagnostic lab has three important pieces of equipment: a Nicolet Viking IV and two Medtronics systems. Interesting cases are stored to be shown to all the residents. Residents have access to teaching tapes developed by the University of Washington and University of Texas, San Antonio.

Second Year (PG3)

12 months
VAMCLB - Inpatient and Outpatient consultations, Special Clinics,
                and EMG

PGY-4 Year

The PG4 year is composed of rotations at UCI Medical Center, Memorial Rehabilitation Hospital and Miller Children's Hospital/Memorial Medical Center. Each of these rotations provides a unique experience.

The PG4 experience at UCI Medical Center consists of performing adult and pediatric consultations on patients who require acute intensive rehabilitation (inpatient rehab), attending PM&R (Post-Discharge and general) Clinic and Prosthetic Clinic. PG4s together with faculty may be called upon to provide physiatric consultative services to the clientele of Fairview Developmental Center (for the developmentally disabled). The UCI rotation totals 146 days.

Memorial Medical Center consists of several hospitals including Memorial Rehabilitation Hospital, and the Earl and Lorraine Miller Children's Hospital. There is a full-time pediatric physiatrist at the Children's Hospital and five physiatrists at Memorial Rehabilitation Hospital.

Seventy-three (73) days will be spent at the Children's Hospital under the pediatric physiatrist taking care of inpatients on the rehab unit. In addition, the resident will do consultations, and attend clinics under the supervision of the pediatric physiatrist. This PG4 will also be the resident on the SCI program, which is a small program not including respiratory-dependent acute cases.

The rotation at the Memorial Rehabilitation Hospital (MRH) totals 219 days. MRH has 42 acute rehab beds with an average daily census of 22 and 42 sub-acute beds with an average daily census of 29 beds. Memorial Rehab has a programmatic structure. There is a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) program, a general rehab program which includes the sub-acute cases, and an SCI program, described under the Peds rotation.

Third Year (PG4)
146 days 146 days 73 days

Inpatient Consults

TBI

Stroke

General

 

 

MRH

 Consultations

Special Clinics

Peds

Research

EMG

Elective

UCIMC

 Pediatrics

SCI

 

 

 

 


MRH


Salary and Fringe Benefits

The current yearly stipend for residents is as follows:

PGY2 $47,211

PGY3 $49,095

PGY4 $50,987

All residents receive 4 weeks of vacation and 8 days of sick leave.

Malpractice insurance is provided at no charge. Health and life insurances are part of your comprehensive benefits package.


Combined Teaching Programs

In addition to the teaching activities in each affiliated hospital, a weekly afternoon teaching session with a lecture series on clinical PM&R is given to all residents. The residents are also required to attend the following courses: Anatomy, including dissection; Neuromuscular Physiology and Pathology; Electronics and Instrumentation; Electromyography and Electrodiagnosis; Prosthetics and Orthotics; and an orientation to research. All PG2 residents are scheduled for a weekly course in physical modalities. The lectures are supplemented by "dry labs" in physical and occupational therapy plus hands-on experience providing selected patients physical and occupational therapy.


Resident Research Opportunities

All of the residents are required to follow a 3-year research plan. A review article and a research or case report are to be completed. "An Orientation to Research" course is given, covering selection of problems, research design, organization of the research team, data analysis, writing and publication of the research paper, grant proposal writing, and legal aspects and ethics of research. Time is allocated from the regular schedule for those residents involved in approved research projects.


Resident Teaching Opportunities

The Department offers fourth-year UCI medical students a 2-week required Musculoskeletal and Rehabilitation clerkship. The Department also offers a 4-week research or clinical PM&R elective to medical students from UCI or other schools. Residents participate in these teaching activities. Residents also give in-service sessions to allied health personnel in the affiliated hospitals.


Recreation, Cultural, and Social Opportunities

The climate of Southern California is defined as semitropical and semi-arid; despite what you may have read or heard in the winter of '97-98, the average annual rainfall is 14". The temperature ranges from 50-75 in the winter and 60-90 in the summer.

The climate and proximity of the mountains and the ocean allow for a wide variety of activities - from skiing, which is available in the San Bernardino mountains, to windsurfing, sailing, and other water sports. Superb beaches are available within an easy drive. It is possible to swim in the ocean almost 8 months of the year, and boating, surfing, skin diving, and fishing are year-round sports. The area abounds with jogging and bike paths, and there are numerous public golf courses and tennis courts in the metropolitan area.

The Los Angeles-Orange County area offers a wide choice of entertainment activities. The Los Angeles County, Norton Simon, Getty, and Huntington Hartford Museums contain extensive art collections, and there are a number of smaller galleries throughout the two-county area. The Performing Arts Center in Costa Mesa in Orange County and the Music Center in downtown Los Angeles are major theaters for symphony, drama, and ballet. There are many smaller less well-known theaters offering diverse dramatic material within easy driving distance in Orange and Los Angeles Counties. Pop concerts with well-known artists are given both indoors and outdoors throughout the year.

For sports fans there are professional teams in baseball, basketball, and hockey. The area is equally well-known for its collegiate teams and the hosting of the Rose Bowl game.

The extensive freeway system makes all of these activities readily available. San Diego and the U.S./Mexican border are only a 2-hour drive away.


Faculty Roster

UCI Medical Center
        Jen Yu, M.D., Ph.D.                                                     Professor & Chair

Aileen Anderson, Ph.D.                                             Associate Professor

Francis Crinella, Ph.D.                                                 Clinical Professor

Brian Cummings, Ph.D.                                               Assistant Professor in Residence

Marc-Eivind Evensen, M.D.                                      HS Associate Clinical Professor
                                                                                               Residency Director

Justin Hata, M.D.                                                        HS Assistant Clinical Professor

Chang-Zern Hong, M.D.                                            Clinical Professor (Recalled)

Cynthia Murphy, M.D.                                               HS Associate Clinical Professor

Dwight Nance, Ph.D.                                                  Adjunct Professor

Sibylle Reinsch, Ph.D.                                                 Specialist (Recalled)

Jerome S. Tobis, M.D.                                                 Professor Emeritus (Recalled)

Jerry Teixeira, Ph.D.                                                     Associate Clinical Professor

Long Beach VA Medical Center

Patricia Nance, M.D.                                                    HS Clinical Professor

Payandeh Abadee, M.D.                                             HS Clinical Professor

Edmond Ayappa, M.S.                                                Associate Clinical Professor

Sophia Chun, M.D.                                                      Assistant Clinical Professor

Nien-Tsung Hsiao, Ph.D.                                            Specialist

Raghavaiah Kanakamedala, M.D.                              Clinical Professor

Rajasekhar Kandala, M.D.                                          HS Associate Clinical Professor

Susan L. Kaplan, M.D.                                                Associate Clinical Professor

Thay Q. Lee, Ph.D.                                                       Professor in Residence

Yu Shang Lee, Ph.D.                                                    Assistant Specialist

Ronald Takemoto, M.D.                                              HS Associate Clinical Professor

Jeffrey Webster, Ph.D.                                                Associate Clinical Professor

Memorial Rehabilitation Hospital

Hugh R. Adams, M.D.                                                 Associate Clinical Professor

Fred H. Batkin, M.D.                                                    Associate Clinical Professor

Kimberly BeDell, M.D.                                                 Assistant Clinical Professor

Eric D. Feldman, M.D.                                                  Assistant Clinical Professor

Jeffrey Ho, M.D.                                                           Assistant Clinical Professor

Diemha Hoang, M.D.                                                   Assistant Clinical Professor

Audrey Huang, M.D.                                                   Assistant Clinical Professor

Venus Ramos, M.D.                                                     Assistant Clinical Professor

Ann Vasile, M.D.                                                          Associate Clinical Professor

Other Faculty

Robert Bautista, M.D.                                                  Assistant Clinical Professor

Robert A. Bitonte, M.D.                                              Clinical Professor

Gary Li-Leng Cheng, M.D.                                          Associate Clinical Professor

Kevan Craig, D.O.                                                        Assistant Clinical Professor

Chung Hsu Lue, M.D.                                                  Clinical Professor

Badi Jeffers, D.O.                                                          Assistant Clinical Professor
        Ronald D. Levin, M.D.                                                 Clinical Professor

Calvin Okey, D.O.                                                         Assistant Clinical Professor

Amir Pouradib, M.D.                                                    Assistant Clinical Professor


 

Research In Progress


Research to develop new knowledge and skills is a primary goal of the University of California. As one of the University’s five medical schools, the UCI College of Medicine is an active participant in the exploration and enhancement of medical science. All of the departments of the College are committed to scholarly research of the highest quality. Major research interests of PM&R faculty members are:

  • Neurobiological basis of PM&R, including interrelated areas of neural plasticity, such as brain development, learning and memory, control of movements and recovery after injury.

  • Rehabilitation pharmacotherapy.

  • Scientific basis of physical medicine techniques for management of nerve and muscle dysfunction.

  • Functional magnetic stimulation.

  • Pathophysiology and management of myofascial pain syndrome.

  • Biomechanics of bone and joint.

  • Falls in the elderly, functional facilitation in the elderly.

  • Complementary health care.

  • Clinical neurophysiology and electrodiagnosis.


Selected Publications

 

1.     Ahmad, C.S., Lee, T.Q., El Attrache, N.S.: Biomechanical evaluation of a new ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction technique with interference screw fixation. Am. J. Sports Med. 31:332–337, 2003.

2.     Anderson, A.J., Su, J.H., Cribb, D.H., Kesslak, P., Cotman, C.W.: Fas death receptor pathway upregulation following Ab administration in cultured neurons and in association with Ab deposition in AD brain: a mechanism for increased neuronal vulnerability. Neurobiol. Disease 12:182–193, 2003.

3.     Arzaga, D., Shaw, V., Vasile, A.T.: Dual diagnosis: The person with a spinal cord injury and a concomitant brain injury. SCI Nursing 20:86-92, 2003.

4.     Ayyoub, Z., Badawi, F., Vasile, A.T., Arzaga, D., *Cassedy, A., Shaw, V: Dual diagnosis: Spinal cord injury and brain injury. In V.W. Lin et al. (Eds.): “Spinal Cord Medicine: Principles and Practice”, New York: Demos, pp. 749-763, 2003.

5.     Fornalsky, S., Gupta, R., Lee, T.Q.: Anatomy and biomechanics of the elbow. Sports Med. Arthroscopy Rev. 11(1):1–9, 2003.

6.     Heino-Brechter, J., Powers, C.M., Ward, S.R., Terk, M.R., Lee, T.Q.: Quantification of patellofemoral joint contact area using magnetic resonance imaging. Magn. Res. Imag. 21(9):955­–959, 2003.

7.     Hong, C-Z: Myofascial pain and trigger points. In M. Aminoff and R. Daroff (Eds.): “Encyclopedia of the Neurological Science,” Vol. 3, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 330–332, 2003.

8.     Hong, C-Z, Jou, E. M-F, Kuan, T-S, Chen, S-M, Chen, J-T: Diagnosis of myofascial trigger points. J. Phys. Ther. Assoc. ROC 31(1):1–12, 2003.

9.     Hong, C-Z, Jou, E. M-F, Kuan, T-S, Chen, S-M, Chen, J-T: The management for myofascial trigger points. J. Rehabil. Med. Assoc. ROC 31(2):67–77, 2003.

10.   Hsiao, I., Hodne, T.: Architectural considerations for improving access. In V.W. Lin et al. (Eds.): “Spinal Cord Medicine: Principles and Practice,” New York: Demos, pp. 975–986, 2003.

11.   Lee, P-H, Hsieh, L-T, Hong, C-Z: Unilateral brachial plexus injury as a complication of thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis: a case report. Arch. Phys. Med Rehabil. 84:1395–1398, 2003.

12.   Lee, T.Q., Morris, G., Csintalan, R.P.: The influence of tibial and femoral rotation on patellofemoral contact area and pressure. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 33(11):686–693, 2003.

13.   Lin, V.W., Hsiao, I.: Functional magnetic stimulation. In V.W. Lin et al. (Eds.): “Spinal Cord Medicine: Principles and Practice,” New York: Demos, pp. 749–763, 2003.

14.   Macdonald, W., Carlsson, L.V., Jacobsson, M., Lee, T.Q.: A proximal femoral implant presereves physiological bone deformation: a biomechanical investigation in cadaveric bones. Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs. 217-H:41–48 2003.

15.  MacNeil, B.J., Jansen, A.H., Greenberg, A.H., Nance, D.M.: Neuropeptitde specificity of PGE2-induced activation of splenic and renal sympathetic nerves in the rat. Brain Behav. Immunity 17:442–452, 2003.

16.   McMahon, P.J., Chow, S., Sciaroni, L., Yang, B.Y., Lee, T.Q.: A novel cadaveric model for anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation using forcible apprehension positioning. J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 4:349–360, 2003.

17.   McMahon, P.J., Dee, D.T., Yang, B.Y., Lee, T.Q.: Mal-aligning humeral offset may not effect shoulder hemiarthroplasty: a biomechanical study. Med. Sci. Monit. 9(8): CR346–352, 2003.

18.   Meltzer, J.C., MacNeil, B.J., Sanders, V., Pylypas, S., Jansen, A.H. Greenberg, A.H., Nance, D.M.: Contribution of the adrenal glands and splenic nerve to LPS-induced splenic cytokine production in the rat. Brain Vehav. Immunity 17:482-497, 2003.

19.   Murphy, L.S., Reinsch, S., Najm, W.I., Dickerson, V.M., Seffinger, M.A., Adams, A., Mishra, S.I.: Searching biomedical databases on complementary medicine: the use of controlled vocabulary among authors, indexers and investigators. BMC Complementary Altern. Med. 3:3, 2003.

20.  Murphy, L.S., Reinsch, S., Najm, W.I., Dickerson, V.M., Seffinger, M.A., Adams, A., Mishra, S.I.: Spinal palpation: the challenges of information retrieval using available databases. J. Manipulative Physiol. Ther. 26:374–382, 2003.

21.   Najm, W., Reinsch, S., Hoehler, F., Tobis, J.: Use of complementary and alternative medicine among the ethnic elderly. Altern. Ther. Health Med. 9(3):50–37, 2003.

22.   Najm, W., Seffinger, M.A., Mishra, S.I., Dickerson, V.M., Adams, A., Reinsch, S., Murphy, L.S., Goodman, A.F.: Content validity of manual spinal palpatory exams—A systemic review. BMC Complementary Altern. Med. 3:1, 2003.

23.   Nance, D.M., MacNeil, B.J.: Immunoregulation by innervation. In I. Berczi and A. Szentivanyi (Eds.): “Neuroimmune Biology; The Immune–Neuroendocrine Circuitry–History and Progress.,” Vol. 3, Amsterdam: Elsiver, pp. 415–434, 2003.

24.   Nance, D.M., Meltzer, J.C.: Interactions between the adrenergic and immune systems. In J. Bienenstock, E. Goetzl and M. Blennerhassett (Eds.): “Autonomic Neuroimmunology,” London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 15–33, 2003.

25.   Nance, P.W.: Management of spasticity. In V.W. Lin et al. (Eds.): “Spinal Cord Medicine: Principles and Practice,” New York: Demos, pp. 461–476, 2003.

26.   Oui, H., Orr, W., Jensen, D., Wang, H.H., McIntosh, A.R., Hasinoff, B.B., Nance, D.M., Pylypas, S., Qi, K., Song, C., Muschel, R.J., Al-Mehdi, A-B.: Arrest of B16 melanoma cells in the mouse pulmonary microcirculation induces eNOS dependent nitric oxide release that is cytotoxic to the tumor cells. Am. J. Path. 162:403–412, 2003.

27.   Remia, L.F., Ravalin, R.V., Lemly, K.S., McGarry, M.H., Kvitne, R.S., Lee, T.Q.: Biomechanical evaluation of multidirectional glenohumeral instability and repair. Clin. Orthop. 416:225–236, 2003.

28.   Seffinger, M., Adams, A., Najm, W., Dickerson, V., Mishra, S.I., Reinsch, S., Murphy, L.: Spinal palpatory diagnostic procedures utilized by practitioners of spinal manipulation: annotated bibliography of content validity and reliability studies. J. Can. Chiropr. Assoc. 47(2):93–109, 2003.

29.   Selecky, M.T., Tibone, J.E., Yang, B.Y., McMahon, P.J., Lee, T.Q.: Glenohumeral joint translation after arthroscopic thermal capsuloplasty of the rotator interval. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 12:139–142, 2003.

30.   Selecky, M.T., Tibone, J.E., Yang, B.Y., McMahon, P.J., Lee, T.Q.: Glenohumeral joint translation after arthroscopic thermal capsuloplasty of the posterior capsule. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 12:242–246, 2003.

31.   Zhao, M., Cribbs, D.H., Anderson, A.J., Cummings, B.J., Su, J.H., Wasserman, A.J., Cotman, C.W.: The induction of the TNF-alpha death domain signaling pathway in Alzheimer’s disease brain. Neurochem. Res. 28:307–318, 2003.

32.    Adlard, P.A., Cummings, B.J. :  Alzheimer’s disease – A sum greater than its parts?    Neurobiol. Aging  25:725-733, 2004.

33.   Aimone, J.B., Leasure, J.L., Perreau, V. M., Thallmair, M., Anderson, A.J., et al.:  Spatial and temporal gene expression profiling of the contused rat spinal cord.  Exp. Neurol. 189:204-221, 2004.

34.   Alcid, J.G., Ahmad, C.S., Lee, T.Q. :  Elbow anatomy and structural biomechanics.  Clin. Sports Med. (on Elbow Injuries in the Athlete) 23(4): 503-517, 2004.

35.   Anderson, A.J., Robert, S., Huang, W., Young, W., Cotman, C.W. :  Activation of complement pathways after contusion-induced spinal cord injury.  J. Neurotrama  21(12):1831-1836, 2004.

36.   Chafik, D., Lee, T.Q., Gupta, R. :  Total elbow arthroplasty:  current indications, factors affecting outcomes, and follow-up results.  Am. J. Orthop. 33(10): 496-503, 2004.

37.   Chubb, C., Inagaki, Y., Cotman, C.W., Cummings, B.J., Sheu, P.C. Y.:  Semantic biological image management and analysis.  Int. J. Artif. Intel. Tools 13(4): 881-896, 2004.

38.   Deng, X.M., Szabo, S., Jadus, M.R., Khomenko, T., Yoshida, M. :  Gene therapy with naked DNA or adenoviral vector of VEGF or PDGF increases endogenous VEGF, PDGF and bFGF expression and accelerates chronic duodenal ulcer healing in rats.  J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 311: 982-988, 2004.

39.   Ethans, K.D., Nance, P.W., Bard R.J., Casey A.R., Schryvers, O.I.: Efficacy and safety of tolterodine in people with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. J. Spinal Cord Med. 27: 214-8, 2004.

40.   Hong, C-Z: Myofacial pain therapy. J. Musculoske. Pain 12 (3/4): 37-43, 2004.

41.   Khomenko, T., Deng, X.M., Sandor, Z., Tarnawski, A.S., Szabo, S. :  Cysteamine alters redox state, HIF-la transcriptional interactions and reduces duodenal mucosal oxygenation:  Novel insight into the mechanisms of duodenal ulceration. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 317:121-127, 2004.

42.   Lee, Y-S, Lin, C-Y, Robertson, R.T., Hsiao, I., Lin, V.W.:  Motor recovery and anatomical evidence of axonal re-growth in spinal cord repaired adult rats.  J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 63: 233-245, 2004.

43.   Lee, Y-S, Sindhu, R. K., Lin, C-Y, Lin, V.W., Vaziri, N.D.: Effect of nerve graft on nitric oxide synthetase, NAD(P) H oxidase, and antioxidant enzyme in chronic spinal cord injury.  Free Radic. Biol. Med. 36:330-339, 2004. 

44.   Lin, V.W., Hsiao, I., Deng, X., Lee, Y-S, Sasse, S.:  Functional magnetic ventilation in dogs. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.  85:1493-1498, 2004.

45.   Meltzer, J.C., MacNeil, B.J., Sanders, V., Pylypas, S., Jansen, A.H., Greenberg, A.H., Nance, D.M.:  Stress-induced suppression of in-vivo splenic  cytokeine production in the rat by neural and hormonal mechanisms.  Brain Behav. Immunity 18:262-273, 2004.

46.   Mihata, T., Lee, Y.S., McGarry, M.H., Abe, M., Lee, T.Q. :  Excessive humeral external rotation results in increased shoulder laxity.  Am. J. Sports Med.32(5):1278-1285, 2004.

47.   Najm, W.I., Reinsch, S., Hoehler, F., Tobis, J.S., Harvey P.W.:  S-Adenosyl methionine (SAMe) versis celecoxib for the treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms:  A double-blind cross-over trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 5:6, 2004.

48.   Robertson, R.T., Yu, J., :  Development of cholinergic projections to cortex:  Possible role of neurotrophins in target selection.  In I. Silman, H. Soreg, L. Anglister, D.M. Michaelson and A. Fisher (Eds): “Cholinergic Mechanisms”, London:  Martin Duntz Publishers, pp. 381-386, 2004.

49.   Selffinger, M.A., Najm, W.I., Misha, S.I., Adams, A., Dickerson, V.M., Murphy L.S., Reinsch, S.:  Reliability of spinal palpation for diagnosis of back and neck pain:  A systemic review of the literature. Spine 29(19): E413-E425, 2004.

50.   Sethi, P.M., Tibone, J.E., Lee, T.Q., : Quantitative assessment of glenohumeral translation in baseball players:  A comparison of pitchers versus nonpitching athletes. Am. J. Sports Med. 32(7): 1711-1715, 2004.

51.   Vaziri, N.D., Lee, Y-S, Lin, C-Y, Lin, V.W., Sindhu, R.K. :  NAD (P) H oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and nitric oxide synthase expression in subacute spinal cord injury.  Brain Res. 995: 76-83, 2004.

52.   Yen, W-J, Chu, T-F, Kuan, T-S, Hung, M-H, Hong, C-Z, :  A comparison between the patellofemoral function    scale and the Lequesne index in patients with knee osteoarthritis.  Taiwan J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 32: 11-18, 2004.

53.   Anderson, A.J., Najbauer, J., Robert, S., Huang, W., Young, W.: Upregulation of complement inhibitors in association with vulnerable cells following contusion-induced spinal cord injury. Neurotrauma 22(3): 382-397, 2005.

54.   Cummings, B.J., Uchida, N., Tamaki, S.J., Salazar, D.L., Summers, R., Gage, F.H., Anderson, A.J.: Human neural stem cells differentiate and promote behavioral improvements in spinal cord injured mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 202(39):14069-14074, 2005.

55.   Engesser-Cesar, C., Anderson, A.J., Edgerton, V.R., Basso, M., Cotman, C.W.: Voluntary wheel running improves recovery from contusion-induced spinal cord injury. Neurotrauma 22(1): 157-171, 2005.

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